本文介绍使用Python创建用户信息和初始密码。

1. 从教务系统导出学生信息

可以从教务系统导出学生信息，通常是保存成Excel格式，稍微调整下表格内容，使其格式如下（也可以表格内容不变，修改代码）：

班级    学号    姓名
计算2011    201821121027     张*
计算2011    202021121001     钟**

读取Excel文件，保存到列表中，

from openpyxl import load_workbook
from xpinyin import Pinyin
import os
import csv

def get_student_class_id_name(file_workbook, sheet_name='Sheet1'):
    wb = load_workbook(file_workbook, read_only=True)
    ws = wb[sheet_name]

    list_student_class_id_name = list()
    p = Pinyin()
    for row in ws.iter_rows(min_row=2): # row_offset=1, skip the header
        student_class = row[0].value
        student_id = row[1].value
        student_name_cn = row[2].value

        if student_id:
            student_name_pinyin = p.get_pinyin(student_name_cn, '')
            list_student_class_id_name.append((student_class, student_id, student_name_cn, student_name_pinyin))

    return list_student_class_id_name

2. 创建用户信息

用户信息格式如下：

Username:Password:User ID:Group ID:User Info:Home Directory:Default Shell

核心代码如下：

def get_users_file(list_student_class_id_name, start_user_id=None, class_group_id=None):
    '''
    qiankun:x:qiankun:201112:qiankun:/home/qiankun:/bin/bash
    Username:Password:User ID:Group ID:User Info:Home Directory:Default Shell
    '''
    l_users = list()

    user_id = start_user_id
    for student_class, student_id, student_name_cn, student_name_pinyin in list_student_class_id_name:
        username = 'u{}'.format(student_id)
        group_id = class_group_id[student_class]
        l = [username, 'x', user_id, group_id,
             '{}-{}-{}'.format(student_class, student_id, student_name_cn),
            os.path.join('/home/', username), '/bin/bash'
            ]

        l_users.append(':'.join([str(i) for i in l]))

        user_id += 1

    return l_users

3. 创建初始密码信息

生成一个文件，每一行的格式为username:password，核心代码如下：

def get_passwd_file(list_student_class_id_name):
    l_passwd = list()

    for student_class, student_id, student_name_cn, student_name_pinyin in list_student_class_id_name:
        s = 'u{student_id}:{student_id}'.format(student_id=student_id)
        l_passwd.append(s)

    return l_passwd

完整的源码文件见：create_users_passwd_info.py。